Origins P2P networks are more scalable and robust than traditional C/S structures, and these advantages were recognized by the botnet authors early on and used in their botnets. In terms of time, Storm, which appeared in 2007, can be considered the progenitor of this area, when botnet threats were

缘起 P2P结构的网络比传统的C/S结构具有更好的可扩展性和健壮性，这些优点很早就为botnet的作者所认识到并被用到他们的僵尸网络中。从时间上看，2007年出现的Storm可以算是这方面的鼻祖，那时botnet这种网络威胁刚为大众所知。Storm之后，陆续又有Karen、ZeroAccess、GameOver、Hijime、mozi等20来种P2P botnet先后出现，它们在技术上各有特点，共同点就是规模大、防御难度大，想让它们彻底消失比较困难，比如Mozi在作者已经明确放弃甚至被抓几年之后还在活跃，可谓“百足之虫死而不僵”。 早期的P2P botnet主要针对Windows机器，比如Storm、ZeroAccess以及GameOver感染的都是Windows操作系统。2016年Mirai出现之后，网络上那些大量存在而又缺乏防御的Linux IoT设备开始成为许多botnet的目标，Hijime、mozi、pink等针对Linux设备的P2P botnet陆续出现。 由于P2P网络“无中心”的特点，使用传统的手段来评估其规模有点困难。为了解决这个问题，安全研究人员另辟蹊

Overview Gafgyt botnets have a long history of infecting Linux devices to launch DDoS attacks. While dozens of variants have been detected, new variants are constantly emerging with changes in terms of register message, exploits, and attacking methods. On the other hand, their new botnets are usually short lived, with